Yes, that verse seems problematic. But let's examine closely.
2 Timothy 2:17-19
2:17 And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus;
2:18 Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some.
2:19 Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.
So, timing becomes crucially important here. The church father Ignatius mentions 2 Timothy in his writings of about 90 AD. So by that we know that 2 Timothy is one of the earlier church writings, and is likely authentic to Paul. Paul's Epistles were written prior to 70 AD, so we can logically assume that 2 Timothy also was written in the period between Christ's resurrection in 30 AD and the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD.
So, based on them recieving this letter in 60 AD, which "resurrection" could they be talking about?
A resurrection in 30 AD... In Matthew 27:53 people were resurrected at Christ's resurrection. And then the Gospel of Nicodemus which explains that the dead in Hades were resurrected at the time of Christ's resurrection. The righteous dead from Adam to Christ were resurrected at this time.
Revelation 20:4
And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
Revelation 20:5b
This is the first resurrection.
These saints who were to reign on thrones with Christ would have to be resurrected to be in heaven with Him and the Father. These same saints are mentioned in Revelation 7:13-14.
Revelation 7:13-14
And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they? And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.
It was well understood, as shown in the New Testament as well as many early christian writings, that the Christians knew that those who died before Christ came would be resurrected at His coming. The common practice at this time of remaining a virgin was because they expected Christ to come - they wanted to be chaste at His coming.
1 Thessalonians 4:16
For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:
Christ was to come back in the clouds (Matt 24:27, Acts 1:11, Rev 19:11), and the ones who had died between his resurrection and the time of His coming (70 AD) would be resurrected, as Revelation says, "to sit on thrones" with Christ in heaven, and judge the nations.
Please also notice the tone and intent of the statement about Hymenaeus and Philetus. You can see in verse 18 it says they "overthrow the faith of some." And then verse 19 gives us clues as to why it would overthrow their faith. It says "the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, the Lord knoweth them that are his." The point here was to comfort the believers. Why? Because they were worried that when the resurrection of the dead martyrs occurred, that they would somehow "miss out" on God's kingdom, and would not be united with their loved ones.
We see this exact same sentiment in 1 Thessalonians 4, where verse 13 tells them to "be [not] ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope." In verse 14, he encourages them that their dead loved ones will be taken with Christ as his coming... "them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him." And then of course in verse 17 he tells them that when they die, they will also be "caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air." Paul finishes by telling them to "comfort one another with these words."
These people were worried about their loved ones. We see that same worry, and the same intent by Paul in both 1 Thessalonians 4, and in 2 Timothy 2, to comfort the believers that they would be reunited with their dead family members.
Hymenaeus and Philetus were stealing this comfort from believers by saying that the resurrection had occurred, and that the believers alive at the time would not take part in it. That is why it was "overthrowing the faith of some."
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