See also Mosaic Law
Related video: Jewish Feasts
Leviticus 23:5
In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover.
Exodus 12:1-11
1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt saying,
2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.
3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:
4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.
5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:
6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.
7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.
8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
9 Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof.
10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.
11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover.
Christ, the passover lamb, His blood protects us from death (in Hades). We follow Him by staying holy, righteous (the unleavened bread). The lamb is killed, eaten, and burned/roasted with fire. This is Christ, who went to Hades to break the power of death. This feast was completely fulfilled by Christ's work.
The Christians continued to practice it as the "Eucharist" - Communion, in remembrance of Him (Luke 22:19).
Leviticus 23:6
And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.
This feast represented the cleansing of sin through Christ. Leaven was symbolic for sin, so they used unleavened bread to represent righteousness. But the bread of life is Christ, and the stripes in the bread represent the whipping He endured. Seems to represent Christ, and He fulfilled this.
Leviticus 23:9-14
9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:
11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.
13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savor: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
Christ was the first-fruits from the dead... He was the first human to come out of Hades. This feast is fulfilled in Christ's work, and in our resurrection after death.
Leviticus 23:15-17
15 And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:
16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new grain offering unto the LORD.
17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals; they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
The 2 loaves of bread represent the Jews and Gentiles being combined in the Kingdom of God, and the bread includes leaven (sin). This has been fulfilled as of the time of Christ, specifically in Acts 2.
Leviticus 25:8-10
25:8 And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years.
25:9 Then shalt thou cause the trumpet of the jubilee to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month, in the day of atonement shall ye make the trumpet sound throughout all your land.
25:10 And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubilee unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family.
The Jews say that this feast marks the sixth day of creation. That is the time, prophetically, when God would send the redeemer, in the 6th thousand years of history... and Jesus did come in the year 5,500 from Adam. But because of the use of the seven sevens of years - this is obviously more related to the 7,000 years of history, being followed by the Jubilee. The Jubilee is freedom, liberty. And the time after the earth is remade is spiritual and we will be free from flesh, death, this meager existence - and will live with God in heaven. Christ's work paved the way for this time when we will live with God. He atoned for us. Those who are not atoned for will not experience God's rest.
Leviticus 23:26-32 26 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
28 And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29 For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
30 And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
31 Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.
An offering made in fire to atone for the sins of the people. The fire is a warning of the fires of hell, for the un-atoned individual. Christ already atoned for the Jews' sins and our sins, so this feast is fulfilled.
Leviticus 23:33-43 33 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
35 On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
36 Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
42 Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
43 That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
This feast was to show that "I (God) made Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of Egypt" (Lev 23:43). Egypt represented sin/law, and God brought them out of it to bring them to the promised land. The Promised Land represented Heaven. He took them to heaven when He rescued them from Hades, to dwell in "booths" of rest in heaven. This was fulfilled in 30AD (Christ's death/resurrection), when Christ took the righteous out of Hades, to rest in Heaven.
Hanukah... this feast was not given by God. And is simply a traditional feast of the late period Jews based on the events of Maccabees and the restoration of the temple. It is actually much like Sukkot. (1 Maccabees 4:36-59, 2 Maccabees 1:18–36, 2 Maccabees 1:9, 2 Maccabees 10:6)
As you can see, every feast that God gave to Israel was about something that has been fulfilled by Christ. Just as He said in Matt 5:18.